In transistor-based designs, certain characteristics must be taken into consideration to ensure safe and optimal operation. These include limitations on dv/dt and di/dt, which, if exceeded, can result in damage to the devices. To maintain these rates within acceptable limits, protection circuitry is necessary. Snubber circuits, consisting of RC circuits, are commonly used to limit dv/dt, while series snubbers, which are series inductors, are used to limit di/dt. Transistors also have a safe operating area (SOA) that defines the maximum current and voltage limits for safe operation. To increase the voltage handling capability of transistors, they can be connected in series, while connecting them in parallel can increase their current-carrying capacity. However, it is crucial to use transistors with similar characteristics to ensure optimal operation and prevent damage to the devices.

Table 1 summarizes the comparison of key features of power transistors.

Table 1. Power Transistors Comparison

Conclusion

Efficient regulation and transformation of electrical energy rely heavily on power semiconductor devices, therefore electronic engineers and practitioners working with power electronics should have a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and applications of different devices, such as diodes, thyristors, BJTs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs. Each device has distinct attributes that make it suitable for specific purposes. By carefully selecting the most appropriate device for a given application, engineers can enhance the performance, efficiency, and dependability of power electronic systems. Furthermore, this knowledge can aid system designers in optimizing the design of power electronic devices and systems.